Scagelb a united states department of agriculture, agricultural research service, pwa, horticultural crops research unit worksite, 29603 u of i lane, parma, id 83660, usa bunited states department of agriculture, agricultural research service, horticultural crops research unit, corvallis, or 97330, usa. Pdf biological and pharmacological properties of the. The antimicrobial activities of chloroform, acetone and two different concentrations of methanol extracts of ocimum basilicum l. Basil ocimum basilicum, a new host of pepino mosaic virus. In july 2008, plants of basil ocimum basilicum showing interveinal chlorosis on young leaves were observed in three greenhouses in sicily, in the area where tomato pl ants were found to be infected by pepmv in 2005 davino et al. The leaves are ovate, lanceolate, cucuminate, toothed or entire, glabrous on.
However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. Hind agricultural research and training institute antioxidant activity in ocimum sanctum linn, ocimum bascilicum inampudi sailaja1 and ivvala anand shaker2 1department of biochemistry and molecular biology, college of agricultural. The results indicated that the methanol extracts of o. The chinese also use fresh or dried basils in soups and other foods. The genus ocimum has a number of species that are used to treat different types of disorders and diseases from ancient times. Petroleum ether extract was found to be the most effective against the larvae of both mosquitoes, with lc 50 values of 8.
Phytochemical analysis and mineral elements composition of. Conservation status of new zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017. Effect of iodine treatments on ocimum basilicum l biofortification, phenolics production. Ocimum basilicum is an erect, almost glabrous herb, which grows to between 30. Effect of chitosan on the biological properties of sweet. The biological activities of essential oils from three plants grown in cameroon. The conservation status of all known new zealand vascular plant taxa at the rank of species and below were reassessed in 2017 using the new zealand threat classification system nztcs. Significant increases in total essential oil and methylchavicol biosynthesis were observed following the elicitation with chitosan, methyl jasmonate, and methyl salicylate. Basil is most commonly used fresh in cooked recipes. It contains wide variety of constituents of medicinal importance. Ocimum basilicum, also called great basil, is a culinary herb of the family lamiaceae mints basil is native to tropical regions from central africa to southeast asia. It contains only one known species, basilicum polystachyon, native to africa, madagascar, southern asia saudi arabia, india, china, indochina, borneo, philippines, etc. Ocimum basilicum is an erect, almost glabrous herb, which grows to between 30 and 90 cm high.
While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. Morphological and chemical variability of ocimum basilicum. Most culinary and ornamental basils are cultivars of ocimum basilicum and there are many hybrids between species. Data source and references for ocimum basilicum sweet basil from the usda plants database. Sweet basil has been used for thousands of years as a culinary and medicinal herb.
Sweet basil has many cultivars and flavors and is the herb normally used in cooking. Various physical properties of basil seed ocimum basilicum were investigated at a moisture content of 5. Basil leaves possess strong antiviral, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties in them due to the presence of compounds such as ethanol. Ocimum basilicum new zealand plant conservation network. The study clearly indicated great variability of ocimum basilicum l. A very commonly used herb with a range of culinary and medicinal applications. Ocimum basilicum, also called great basil or saintjosephswort 1, is of family lamiaceae 2 mints. Pdf in vitro multiple shoot induction through axillary bud of.
Ocimum taxonomy, medicinal potentialities and economic. Corolla being 8 mm long are white, pink or purplish in colour, glabrous or variously pubescent. The lamiaceae family, which includes basil, sage, and thyme, has long been recognized as a rich source of diverse and unique anthocyanins. Basil ocimum basilicum sensitivity of basil plants to water stress and l. Ocimum basilicum, popular known as basil or sweet basil, is a common herb that belongs to lamiaceae family. Ocimum basilicum sweet basil, common basil, thai basil. The phytoconstituents of the oil were analysed using gas chromatography gc. The effect of the treatment of chitosan at various concentrations 0. These extracts were tested in vitro against 10 bacteria and 4 yeasts strains by the disc diffusion method. Ocimum basilicum is an erect, muchbranched, perennial, aromatic plant growing 20 80cm tall. Since basil is a rich source of natural compounds, details on the several chemical constituents of essential oil, plant. Study of pharmacological effect of ocimum basilicum. Evaluation of the toxicity of different phytoextracts of. It is in flower from august to september, and the seeds ripen in september.
Because of multifarious potentialities and fine aroma chemicals, ocimum possesses tremendous medicinal. Medicinal use of basil, ocimum basilicum, dates back to ancient times in iran, china, and india. The larvicidal effect of the crude carbon tetrachloride, methanol and petroleum ether leaf extracts of a widely grown medicinal plant, ocimum basilicum, against anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus was evaluated. This study investigated the biological activities of essential oil from sweet basil leaves via its effect on.
Regulation of essential oil accumulation in basil ocimum. The species is hermaphrodite has both male and female organs and is pollinated by bees. Yield and oil composition of 38 basil ocimum basilicum l. Ocimum greek for aromatic herb basil is linked to greek words basilisk. Tradition has it that basil was found growing around christs tomb after the resurrection, and consequently, some greek orthodox churches use it to prepare holy water and pots of basil are set below church altars. Basil is commonly used for stomach problems such as spasms, loss of appetite. The leaves are ovate, lanceolate, cucuminate, toothed or entire, glabrous on both surfaces and glandular. The parts of the plant that grow above the ground are used to make medicine. From ancient times, medicinal and aromatic plants have been of great use for curing various diseases and ailments. Basil is the main ingredient of pesto sauce but is also used to flavor other sauces and soups. Plants were grown under a controlled hydroponic system and then subjected to three chemical elicitors. Ocimum basilicum, often called sweet basil, grows as an annual outdoors or in containers yearround indoors.
The induction of phenylpropanoid essential oil metabolism by elicitors was investigated in basil ocimum basilicum l. The best known species are the strongly aromatic herb ocimum basilicum. Ocimum basilicum, popular known as basil or sweet basil, is a common herb that belongs to. The development of intensely purple pigmented basil in the ornamental and herb trade prompted this examination of eight commercial varieties of purple basils ocimum basilicum l. George, in handbook of herbs and spices second edition, volume 1, 2012. Ocimum basilicum, ocimum basilicum, also called great basil or saintjosephswort, is of family lamiaceae mints.
In addition to direct use of the herb as spice, the essential oil of its leaves and flowers is increasingly used as aroma additive in food and cosmetic industry, and there are extensive efforts to enhance the yield of essential oil of o. It is noticed that the amount of methyl eugenol and. Ocimum basilicum, ocimum canum, and cymbopogon citratus were tested against plasmodium falciparum and maturestage larvae of anopheles funestus. Corolla 35 mm long in former, 69 mm long in latter. Basilicum is a genus of plants in the lamiaceae, first described in 1802. Depending on the species and cultivar, the leaves may taste somewhat like anise, with a strong, pungent, often sweet smell. Ocimum taxonomy, medicinal potentialities and economic value of essential oil. Regulation of floral terpenoid emission and biosynthesis. The best known species are the strongly aromatic herb ocimum basilicum thai basil and ocimum gratissimum african basil as well as the medicinal herb ocimum tenuiflorum, also known as ocimum sanctum holy basil or tulsi in hindi.
Antimicrobial activity of various extracts of ocimum. Interspecific hybridization common but basil not seen much in the wild, outside of cultivated areas. The aim of this study was to overview its therapeutic effects than its nutritive and industrial effects. Activity of ocimum basilicum, ocimum canum, and cymbopogon. It acts principally on the digestive and nervous systems, easing flatulence, stomach cramps, colic and indigestion. The plant is often grown as an annual, especially in cooler climates. Both are herbs with fruiting calyx ascending or spreading, upper calyx lobe circular with wings decurrent joined. Original article optimisation study of gum extraction from basil seeds ocimum basilicum l. Ocimum basilicum, commonly called basil, is a native of africa and asia. Data source and references for ocimum basilicum sweet. The botany of more than 50 species of herbs and shrubs belonging to this genus is thoroughly reported, along with traditional uses and cultivation techniques. Comparative study of volatile compounds from genus ocimum.
General description ocimum basilicum, commonly known as basil, is an aromatic annual herb and an important economic crop basil is an important economic crop producing annually c. This herb has been used since ancient times as a medicine and food and it is known that the antioxidant effect of o. Original article optimisation study of gum extraction from. Ocimum is the lamiaceae genus of basils, its taxonomic name likely deriving from the greek word okimon for a fragrant or aromatic herb smith, 1971. Uses, side effects, interactions, dosage, and warning. Razavi,1 seyed ali mortazavi,1 lara matiamerino,2 seyed h. Although they may be confused, leaves are usually shorter than 2. Pdf ocimum basilicum is a common herb that is known for its ornamental and therapeutic importance.
Meanwhile ocimum basilicum, known as common or sweet basil has very dark green leaves. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Effects of basil, ocimum basilicum on spermatogenesis in rats. Home profile page data source and documentation for ocimum basilicum l. Native habitat and uses africa and asia sudan, iran, china, india, arabia warm, tropical and subtropical tender perennial grown as an annual, cultivated in africa and asia. It is a tender plant, and is used in cuisines worldwide. Ocimum basilicum extract is presented in table 1 and the mineral analysis is presented in table 2. In order to present a quick and an accurate method for measuring small seed dimensions, the image processing data was compared with the one measured experimentally, and the correlations between these were determined. In general, the essential oil composition of basil cultivars from this study was similar in composition to the. Gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry analyses showed that the main compounds are geranial, 1,8cineole and linalool in c. It is universally cultivated as herbaceous, perennial plant but originated from asian continent.
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